ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ, ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯌꯦꯟꯇ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ - ꯂꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯉꯆꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ. ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯚꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯎꯖꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ. ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯒ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯃꯨꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯃꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ
ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ .
ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯂꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯃꯤꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯛꯁꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ. ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ. ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯤꯂꯤꯛ (ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ) ꯃꯀꯣꯛ (ꯏꯇꯦꯜ -ꯑꯣꯏꯂꯤꯡ)ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ - ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯃꯤꯛꯁꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯤꯂꯤꯛ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯣꯕꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯐꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ. ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ.
ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯁꯇꯥ, ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯩꯂꯥꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ. ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯗꯦ. ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌ-ꯑꯇꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌ-ꯑꯇꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ
ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ
ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ .
ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ. ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ, ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯤꯆꯦꯟ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯕꯇꯣꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯜ – ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯔꯇꯣꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ{2}}ꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯃꯣꯇꯣꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯨꯀꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ.ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ .
Emulsifiers contribute to the stability of cleaning product formulations. They prevent the separation of different components in the cleaning solution, ensuring that the product remains homogeneous and effective over time. This is particularly important for products that are stored for long periods or are exposed to varying temperatures. A stable formulation means that the cleaning product will perform consistently, providing reliable results every time it is used.
ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ .
ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯃꯥꯟꯗ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ. ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ. ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯦꯟꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ. ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯅꯣꯟꯖꯕꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯃꯨꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯈꯔꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯅꯕꯥ.
ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ .
ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ .
ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ. ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯌ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯔꯖꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ.ꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯖꯨꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ .
ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ{0}}ꯒꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯛꯇꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯅꯦꯁ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯣꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯁꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ .ꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯏꯃꯨꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ
ꯂꯦꯁꯤꯊꯤꯟ .
ꯂꯦꯁꯤꯊꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ. ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯌꯕꯤꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯉꯥ ꯌꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ. ꯂꯦꯁꯤꯊꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯅꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ. ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯟ - ꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯗꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯁꯤꯊꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯁꯤꯊꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯁꯤꯊꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯨꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯋꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ - ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯎ-ꯁꯤꯡꯎꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯇꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ.
ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁꯣꯔꯕꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ
ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁꯣꯔꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ{0}} ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯗꯤ. ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯂꯇꯔꯅꯦꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ.
ꯀꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ
ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ - ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ{1}} ꯀꯤꯆꯦꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯣꯀꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ. ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ{4 ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯀꯣ - ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯗꯂꯤ ꯗꯤꯇꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯍꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯦꯕꯜ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ. ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯇꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯖꯨꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯅꯥꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯗꯕꯦꯛ ꯐꯪꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ.
ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕ
ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ, ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ, ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ.ꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯦꯟꯇ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ{1}} ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯃꯨꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ, ꯗꯤꯕꯦꯂꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ.
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ. ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯂꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ - ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ. ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯗꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ, ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ, ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ.4-ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤꯑꯦꯐꯖꯤꯑꯦꯁꯗꯤꯑꯦꯐꯖꯤ
ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯅꯦꯒꯣꯁꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ, ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯍꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ. ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯃꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ.
ꯔꯤꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ .
- ꯃꯦꯀꯛꯂꯦꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, d. j. (꯲꯰꯱꯵). ꯐꯨꯗ ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ (2nd ed.). ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯁꯤ.
- ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯟ, m. j., & ꯀꯨꯅꯖꯥꯞꯄꯨ, j. t. (꯲꯰꯱꯲). ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯛꯇꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯐꯦꯅꯣꯃꯦꯅꯥ (꯴ꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗ.). ꯋꯥꯏꯂꯤ{9}}
- Schramm, L. L. (2000). ꯏꯃꯂꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ. ꯋꯥꯏꯂꯤ - VCH.
